Passive Poker Strategy

Posted on 3/31/2022 by admin

If you liked this video, be sure to get your free trial membership to PokerCoaching.com!Twitter: https://twitter.com/JonathanLi. Strategy for playing at loose poker tables can be split up in to two sections based on the type of loose players who you are up against. Playing at a loose / passive table. Playing at a loose / aggressive table. Loose / passive table strategy. Strategy adjustments for loose passive tables often depend on the willingness of individual opponents to call large raises before the flop. If an opponent bets or raises less often than he calls bets, he is playing passively. From the requirements on the starting hands and betting patterns we can derive four basic poker playing styles: Tight-passive: The Rock. Tight-aggressive: The TAG. Loose-passive: The Calling Station. Loose-aggressive: The LAG. Play Loose and Steal Their Blinds. The first way to start making a steady profit against the tight players is by playing loose and stealing their blinds more often. Now you may have heard this before. However, it still amazes me how many people fail to have a look at who is in the blinds before they raise preflop. As such, when a passive calling station starts betting and raising into us, it makes sense to give them credit. They probably have us beat. This specific tendency actually makes it even easier for us to value bet thin on the later streets. If our calling-station opponent had us beat, there is a possibility he would have raised on an earlier street.

Much of our focus is often given to situations where we are the aggressor and have the initiative. Situations where we defend passively preflop can sometimes get overlooked. In this article we will discuss the basic concepts required for successful defense as the cold-caller.

First lets consider a few basic pointers regarding preflop defense.

Default Ranges

For starters we should have a decent understanding of what our default cold-calling range is from every position and versus every position. Some players claim that they do not need this because they are playing “exploitatively”.

This approach can result in a measure of success but will not be as strong as it potentially could be if we had default ranges in place. In order to have a strong exploitative poker strategy we need to understand where we are deviating from in the first place.

We might decide we will defend exploitatively wide vs a certain player whom we have a postflop read on. Or at least....we might think we are defending wide. It turns out that the hand should have been a default cold-call anyway. If we'd had our default cold-calling ranges in place, our exploitative strategy would have been even more effective since we'd have felt comfortable pushing our defending ranges wider.

There are certain equity calculators out there that can be used to store hand ranges. The first task before reading the rest of the article is to start creating these for ourselves. Alternatively we can import them from a trusted coach or friend – but ultimately we still have to agree with the ranges ourselves rather than blindly trusting something we have been given by someone else.

If we'd had our default cold-calling ranges in place, our exploitative strategy would have been even more effective since we'd have felt comfortable pushing our defending ranges wider.

Exploitative Defense – The Grey Area

So now that we have our default ranges in place we can start to think about situations where we'd like to deviate from them as an exploitative measure.

As a really rough guide there are two main types of opponent which are somewhat easy to exploit. Most other players fall somewhere between and create what we can refer to as a grey-area where postflop defense after cold-calling may be problematic.

The 2 types of opponent are these:

Category a) Those who will give us good implied odds to make a hand.
Category b) Those who will give up postflop.

Category c) Grey area, more balanced approach.

These are naturally very broad categories, and poker is far more complicated than sorting our opponents into three categories like this. But the general idea in terms of range expansion preflop is this.

Category A: We can expand our calling range with speculative hands. We don't generally need to worry so much about playing back postflop. When we hit, we'll probably end up getting paid off. We can resort to playing a fit-or-fold type strategy and hope to stack our opponent. There are a number of situations where we beneift from increased implied odds including

Deep stacks
Opponent is a calling station
Opponent is hyper aggressive and will bluff everything

Category B: These are the type of guys that fold a lot postflop. Perhaps they fold to bluff-raises when they are cbetting. Perhaps they check/fold a ton when they skip their cbet. Either way they are giving up a little bit too much postflop. This allows us to call wider preflop in an attempt to exploit the additional fold-equity we have.

Category C: These guys are taking a slightly more balanced approach. We are not completely sure whether we should tend more towards making hands or tend towards trying to take down a decent amount of pots with a bluff. Against players in this category we will typically be defending our default cold-calling range and not much wider.

Bet-Sizing, Position

Regarding default cold-calling ranges it's important to keep in mind a couple of important factors that are overlooked.

The first is sizing. In particular the bet sizing used by the open-raiser. Generally speaking, the smaller our opponent's open-raise the wider our default defending range should be. It is important to keep this in mind when designing our default ranges. We need to specify which open-raise sizing we are facing when creating the range. We should also make some estimates on how we should expand or tighten our range based on a changing bet-sizing from our opponent.

The second is position. We are talking about something other than simply the position of the opener and our position. We are focusing on the other players at the table. Assuming there are aggressive guys to act behind us we might decide to tighten up our cold-calling range and even slowplay some premiums. Assuming there are weaker players to act behind us we might decide to expand our cold-calling range.

Sometimes players may decide to call exploitatively wide in MP vs a huge fish UTG and forget that there are 4 other players still left to act. Even if the hand would be a clearly profitable cold-call if we were guaranteed to get into a heads-up pot vs the fish, we have to tighten our cold-calling range as a result of the other players still left to act behind us.

Facing a Cbet

So we have cold-called IP BTN vs CO and are now facing a cbet. How should we respond in this situation?

Let's start by listing the most common leaks.

Folding too much to cbets
Not raising enough vs cbets

Facing a cbet in position we should be striving to fold less than 40% of the time. Most regs, even winning regs end up folding more than this: anywhere between 40-60%. Anything above 60% is highly exploitable and starts to become a critical leak.

The general idea is that to play effectively as the cold-caller we need to find ways to defend on the flop. Keep in mind that this is just a statement made on average; against category A type players we should potentially be folding most of the time to flop cbets. This will naturally make our fold-to-flop-cbet stat suboptimal, but this is simply an exploitative measure against an opponent who will not be folding often, perhaps because he has a strong range..

The general idea is that to play effectively as the cold-caller we need to find ways to defend on the flop.

There are two ways of lowering our fold-to-cbet-stat. Floating, and raising.

Float or Raise?

The decision to float or raise will be based on 3 main things. The board texture, our hand, opponent's stats.

Board Texture – We are looking here to see if the board texture is dry or drawy. On bone dry textures such as Q72r, we don't need any raising range whatsoever. It's certainly possible to balance a raising range here, so raising in itself does not cause any problems. The main issue occurs when we flat-call. If we raise anything half-decent on this texture for value, our flatting range will start to become very weak.
An observant opponent can exploit this. Since we have relatively few strong hands and many weak ones on a dry texture, we should use the stronger hands in our calling range to help protect the weaker ones. We are not saying that we can't bluff on a dry texture, we simply should delay our bluff until a later street in most cases. So we might float the flop IP and then bet the turn if our opponent checks. Alternatively we might consider bluff-raising vs our opponent when he fires his second barrel, or even double-float with the intention of taking down the pot on the river.

Once again our turn line will be influenced by the board texture. Assuming after we float the flop the turn card comes extremely dry we should continue our strategy of not having a raising range in most cases. If the turn card puts some draws out there then we can make the decision whether to raise or call when facing a double-barrel.

If the flop texture is drawy this does not mean that we have to raise every time when facing our opponent's cbet. It means that we will have both a raising range and a calling range. Whether we choose to raise or call will be influenced by the type of hand we have and our opponent's stats.

Our Hand – Naturally our hand should influence our decision. In most cases we won't be continuing with garbage hands on the flop unless we have a specific read on our opponents. We don't necessarily need a super strong premium to continue either. Any hand with good potential can be considered – poker is more about winning pots than it is making hands. Anything in the following categories can be considered:

Backdoor Flush-draw
Gutshot (with or without backdoor flush-draw)
Overcards + backdoor straight or backdoor-flush (or both)
Bottom pair (with or without backdoor draws)
Nut no-pair (with or without backdoor draws)

*The strongest possible high-cards without holding a pair are referred to as the “nut no-pair” for example AQ on K72r board

Usually we need a specific reason to fold any of the hands in this category, but there are exceptions. Any time we our floating the flop with some type of backdoor draw it's preferable that our draw is either the nuts or very close to it. Floating the flop with something like a 3-high backdoor flushdraw can be problematic on later streets. We actually suffer from some reverse-implied-odds, because if we hit and all the money goes in we will often be behind.

So we shouldn't feel we have to defend any back-door draw regardless of it's strength. In particular we prefer to defend backdoors that have the potential to make a strong 5-card hand by the river. Dominated backdoor draws we can consider giving up on the flop.

Opponents Stats – The best decision in any NLHE situation is going to be the one that takes advantage of our opponent's tendencies. Earlier we mentioned that we should avoid bluff-raising on dry textures. When we say this we are only talking about default situations vs unknowns however. If we know our opponent has a huge leak where he folds 75% of his flop cbets to a raise, we should be attempting to exploit this regardless of the texture.

Also of note are our opponents turn stats since these will have an influence on how wide we should be defending on the flop in the first place. If we decide to float our opponent on the flop we should be aware of how frequently he is going to barrel the turn. If we see his turn barrel is low we'd then be interested in seeing how much he folds after he skips his turn cbet OOP. If this stat is high then we likely have a very profitable floating opportunity on the flop and can consider expanding our floating range as an exploit. There are some opponents against whom it may be possible to float any 2 cards regardless of our backdoor potential because they are giving up way to frequently on the turn.

If we see our opponent has a high turn barrel stat then we still might have a profitable flop-floating opportunity. We could check to see if our opponent frequently folds his turn cbet to a raise. If we find that our opponent barrels aggressively on all streets and does not fold to raises we might exploitatively decide to tighten up our flop floating range. Our weaker flop floats are simply going to be donating money to our opponent when we have to fold after he aggressively barrels, so it makes sense to simply remove these from our range. Against such an opponent we can assume that we have excellent implied-odds and play a more fit-or-fold strategy on the flop.

If we want to bluff-raise the flop its helpful if our opponent has a fold-cbet-to-raise of over 55%. By the time this stat reaches 70% we should be bluff-raising recklessly regardless of the board texture. A low fold-cbet-to-raise stat does not necessarily mean we cant bluff though. We should check our opponents fold-to-turn-after-bet/call-flop. We might find that even if our opponent does not fold to flop raises he may be folding very frequently on the turn when we barrel.
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Everyday players are sitting down at the tables and consistently making fundamental mistakes because of lack of knowledge, misinformation or failing to maintain focus.

Even just a small strategical adjustment in poker can potentially save you a huge amount in the long run.

In this article we will point out some of the best live and online poker tournament strategy tips you can use to improve your game as quickly as possible.

Tip 1: Play The Right Starting Hands

Whether it be lack of patience, or an unfamiliarity with opening ranges, many tournament poker players still open too wide. This is especially true when it comes to early and middle position opens, where there are still many opponents left to act behind who can be dealt a strong hand.

The problem is when called, wide openers are often at a range disadvantage. Often being dominated by their opponents, they are vulnerable to 3 bets since they frequently won't have a holding strong enough to continue under pressure.

Furthermore, although opening a hand like 7 ♠ 5♠ might at times not be a terrible strategy from early or middle position, speculative hands like suited connectors and gappers, as well as small pairs, work best with deep stacks behind.

These speculative hand types infrequently connect strongly with the flop, so those times they do you want to have deep stakes behind to have the potential to win a huge pot. Modern day tournament structures often only see deep stack play occur during the first few levels of play. This leads us into the next tournament poker tip, being stack size aware.

Learn which hands to open raise in MTT's - Watch lesson 6.1 from the Road to Success MTT Course. A power-packed 50 minute video below, just use one of the button options to unlock it and get instant access.

Tip 2: Be Stack Size Aware

Effective stack size plays a critical role in a tournament players success.

Having a deep stack, and therefore expanding an opening range to include a lot of speculative suited hands and small pairs is a tournament strategy that is going to be punished if a number of short stacks are yet to act behind. This most notably occurs in turbo tournaments where the average stack size is quite short.

Short stacks will be in push-or-fold mode. Being short, they don't have time to wait and will be looking to take any opportunity they can to move all-in. This high rate of all-ins will leave wide openers frequently being forced to relinquish their hands, without even having the opportunity to try to hit a nice flop. Problematic hands often include; J8s , KTo and weak Ax hands.

It's not just short-stacks that can cause a problem, aggressive players will be looking to attack wide-openers. This is especially true when a player opens with a vulnerable M8-M14 (20bb-35bb) stack. 3 bets get good leverage against this stack size, since continuing in the pot represents committing a significant portion of a players stack.

Wide openers would be wise not to commit a large percentage of their stack with marginal holdings, and so will be forced to fold, or face being in a high-risk situation. Staying aware of your own stacks utility, as well as anticipating how opponents will utilize their stacks, is an important tournament poker tip to keep in mind.

POKER TIP: If you are currently using BB to calculate stack size, here's a look at why using 'M' is a better MTT strategy.

Tip 3: Be Careful Overplaying In The Early Stages

As a stack gets deeper, the less willing a competent player will be to put their entire stack at risk since they have more to lose. It's rare to see good players all-in during the early stages of a tournament with hands like AKo or JJ preflop.

Smart players recognize that their counterparts aren't going to be risking their entire stack with weaker hands like AQo . Therefore, even a strong hand like AK could be at a significant equity disadvantage facing a deep stacked opponents all-in range. Could you fold QQ here?

Rather than putting in an extra raise, often times just calling with even very strong hands in the early stage of a poker tournament has great benefits.

Allows your opponents to continue with hands they were folding to a re-raise that you have crushed.
Disguises the strength of your hand and keeps you unpredictable.
Prevents you from getting all-in facing a super strong range where often times you're crushed.

Tip 4: Continuation Bet Aggressively But Not Always

Players have learnt the value of c-betting, but it's a strategy that is often misapplied. Being the preflop aggressor shouldn't lead to a mandatory c-bet and double barrels.

This is especially true in multi-way pots yet players continue to make fruitless c-bets with weak holdings into multiple opponents.

Even in heads-up situations, key factors to consider include;

How does the flop texture interact with players ranges?
Who has the strongest range?
Who has nut advantage (the biggest share of super strong hands)?
How passive or aggressive is the opponent we're facing?
How does the stack size/SPR allow us to operate on the flop and future streets?

The following hand illustrates the effect nut advantage can have on profitable continuation betting and how it applies to this tournament poker tip:

Tip 5: Be ICM Aware

The Independent Chip Model or ICM, is a great model players use to make more profitable decisions when deep in a tournament and especially at a final table.

Tight Passive Poker Strategy

Unlike in cash games, chip values fluctuate depending on the stage of the tournament and the competing opponents stack sizes. At it's most extreme, ICM strategy can make A♠A♣: an easy fold preflop.

Imagine a situation in a satellite where 9 players get a World Series of Poker entry and there's 10 remaining. The action folds around to a player with 100,000 in tournament chips who moves all in from the small blind. You're sitting in the big blind with A♠A♣: and also 100,000 in chips. You look around and see a few opponents with only 1000 chips left, which is the size of the current big blind. Obviously one of these short stacks is likely to bust very soon.

Obviously one of these short stacks is likely to bust very soon. Moreover the chance that they collectively out survive your 100,000 stack is extremely remote. You'd likely be a 99% chance to get a WSOP entry, so why would you call with your A♠A♣ and risk busting next around 20% of the time?

Aside from calling too wide in spots when the most profitable strategy is to proceed tightly, the opposite can also be true when it comes to pressuring your opponents. ICM allows players when they have the opportunity to assert pressure on there opponents stacks, to go ahead and do so liberally, since thinking opponents counter-strategy is to play a tight range of hands.

Here's an example of how drastically a hand range can change when the opportunity to assert pressure at a final table exists. 5 of the 6 remaining players at the Pokerstars Sunday Millions have 15bb's, whilst the UTG player has a short 2bb stack. Since the 15bb stacks wants to avoid busting out next and missing out on a large pay jump before the immanent bust out of the 2bb stack, the small blind can adjust their all-in range. Instead of the profitably 57% all-in range in normal play, they can move all-in with 100% of hands to apply pressure on the big blind.

Whilst the big blind should adjust their calling range from the regular 36% to just 10% of hands to account for the ICM effect in play.

The PokerNerve Road to Success course teaches players how to master ICM situations, which is key to tournament poker success since ICM comes into play as the prizes become significant. If there was only one tournament poker tip that you take away from this article, it's that you need to know ICM!

Tip 6: Bet The Appropriate Size

Strong players are capitalizing on their opponents tendencies to bet too big or too small in a number of different situations. With some similar considerations to that of continuation betting, when selecting a bet size important aspects include;

Which player's range does the board texture favor?
Who has the greatest nut saturation?
How does SPR influence our betting strategy

There are many great articles online about bet sizing. You should be sure to check out ThePokerBank's and the Pokerology's to learn more about this tournament tip.

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Tip 7: Take Equity Realization Into Account

Possibly due to the popularity growth of Twitch, many poker players approach to big blind play has evolved. The current trend is to defend the big blind with virtually any 2 cards, as some top pros elect to do, and the justification for this is taking advantage of the excellent pot odds being offered.

While the inclusion of antes combined with commonly seeing a small open raise size does offer the big blind generous pot odds, this has led to a fundamental flaw in the way many players approach big blind play in poker tournaments. The key concept overlooked, is equity realization.

Equity realization reflects a players ability to take a certain hand, and win their share of the pot, frequently enough, to make it profitable in the long-term. Although some top pros have the ability to win their equity share of the pot even out of position, less skilled players rarely do. This leads to a large chip loss in the long run.

It is quite difficult to realize of your equity when out of position, with no initiative and a weak range. This means them glorious odds you are being offered aren't quite as good as you think!

The following article explains this crucial tournament poker tip in more detail; Equity Realization.

Tip 8: Don't Miss Double And Triple Barrel Opportunities

'One and done' is the plight of many aspiring tournament poker players. Everyday at the tables I see players missing profitable opportunities to double, or even triple barrel. Understanding what turn and river cards are advantageous to a players range, along with opponent tendencies, are crucial parts of a winning barreling formula.

The most common scenario at the table, is a heads-up pot where the big blind calls an open-raise. And this happens to be a great spot to barrel. Big blind defenders have a wide range, and it's important to pressure this wide range, especially on only partially connected board textures with one or multiple high cards.

RedChipPoker has a great article on spotting profitable double barrel opportunities which you can read here: THE +EV DOUBLE BARREL GUIDE

Tip 9: Check-Raise More Flops

The biggest difference between the current tournament population, and the future generation, will likely be their approach to check-raising the flop. This opportunity typically occurs in a heads-up pot, after defending the big blind verse an opponents raise.

Currently, MTT players only check-raise the flop in this situation around 7-8% of the time, when closer to 20% is a more optimal strategy. On certain flop textures, check-raising close to 25% of the time is an extremely profitable strategy. And if players are getting out of line with their c-bets, then check-raising at an even higher frequency could be a profitable exploit.

By giving up too easily on a wide range of board textures, or taking a more passive approach and simply calling, c-betting can be done with reckless abandon. However, by selecting a nice mix of check-raising hands, combining some strong hands with some good semi-bluffing candidates, a check-raiser can become tricky to play against and exploit the average players tendency to over c-bet.

POKER TIP: Applied correctly and check-raising becomes a super powerful weapon in your arsenal leading to more profitable poker results. But also think beyond the flop, there's plenty of check-raising opportunities you may be missing. This video demonstrates an interesting turn check-raise situation.

We discuss check raising strategy in more detail in our post over on unfeltedpoker.com.

Tip 10: Develop A Good 3betting Strategy

Whilst 3 betting aggressively is a strategy many players employ, especially in online poker circles, failure to apply optimal 3 betting strategies has certainly led to a lot of spewy poker. Simply attacking opponents who are suspected of opening wide doesn't cut it in the modern poker world.

Players have learnt to deal with 3 bets more profitably, by mixing in some calls with timely 4 bets. Moreover, the role stack size plays when it comes to 3 betting it still largely misunderstood by much of the poker community.

Sure there are certain stack sizes where 3 bets gain a lot of leverage, but how about the role blockers play? And when is 9♦7♦ a better 3 bet candidate than K♦T♠ ? These are just some of the considerations when it comes to a profitable 3 betting strategy. See how to design strong 3betting ranges in this article by Donkr.

Bonus Poker Strategy Tip: Avoid and Deal with Downswings

As a poker player you want to earn your money as easily and as stress-free as possible right? Well, understanding ROI, variance and bankroll management can help (see TopPokerValue's article on bankroll management).

All poker players at some point experience downswings. In some cases, this can affect their play, volume or state of mind.

Passive Poker Strategy Rules

You'll be miserable, hating poker, playing less and earning less per tournament as your play will suffer.

Along with finding ways that work for you to keep a positive mindset, taking pro-active steps can help keep you confident by knowing you are dealing with the situation like a professional whilst at the same time taking positive action to get back on track and winning.

What is ROI and variance?

Every tournament you enter has an EV associated with it. So if you enter a $10 tourney, as a good player maybe you have a 30% ROI, so you make $3. So it doesn't matter whether you brick that tourney or win it for $5000, you make $3 in the long run.

Now, of course, you don't make $3 each time. 80-85% of the time you lose that $10, some percentage of the time you win a little bit, and some very small percentage of the time you win a lot. How small those ‘small percentages’ are primarily depends on not only your skill edge, but also the field size which is an extremely important concept that is often ignored.

Variance is a factor of two things:

1) Your edge

2) The field size

Example 1)

You play the Hot $55 which has $30K guaranteed, every day for a year on Pokerstars. It has 1600 runners and you have a 5% ROI, because turbo ROIs are small. Your average yearly profit is $605 however you will lose money on the year 55% of the time.

Example 2)

Passive Aggressive Poker Strategy

You play a $20 tourney with $3K guaranteed on a softer site every day for a year. It has 200 runners and you have a 30% ROI, because it's a normal speed tourney and you’re against an easier field. Your average yearly profit is $2400 and in this case you lose money only 12% of the time.

A lot of people would look at those two tournaments and make a decision based on the buy-in and 1st place prize money as to which was better to play, and it would be grossly wrong. Once you accept all the above, you realise that the 'up top' number is largely meaningless.

Yes, on the same site bigger fields may mean a lot of fish have registered to play, but you'll find a lot of small field, soft, non-peak hour tournaments have a great pro-to-fish ratio and hence are great value. Of course once you consider other sites that have smaller fields, you'll often find they are a better choice than what might be running on Pokerstars.

So what can you do?

When players start losing money and along with that, confidence, not only does their game deteriorate but they often compound that problem by failing to make rational decisions. Often losing players, or players on a downswing, go 'bink chasing' and decide to take a shot to win all their money back in one tourney. Or load up some quick $82 hyper-turbos to try to turn it all around quickly.

People get overly fixated on what's 'up top' and wanting to score big in one tournament. That’s a sure-fire strategy to fuel a down swing. If your house got knocked down would you try to slap it back up in a week? Take that opportunity to rebuild a better, stronger house.

Make sure you're adding in some study and keep focused (see Sky's Matsuhashi How To Study Poker series), and stay fresh and positive as you approach each session. Be smart and get back into profit quicker instead of enduring a 6-12 month variance rollercoaster!

Closing Words On Tournament Poker Tips

Poker is a multi-faceted game which makes it fun but challenging. Challenge yourself to factor in the relevant concepts, and make more profitable decisions. Tighten up from the big blind, and in general around the table. This tip often quickly improves a new players results, or those that have a got a little sloppy with their play.

Calculate stack size using 'M'. Always be aware of your own, and your opponents stack sizes so you don't get yourself caught in awkward situations. One awkward situation that often comes up is when you hold an overpair to the board and an opponent puts the heat on you. Don't be afraid to make big lay downs to preserve your stack, especially in the early levels.

Be aware of your cbetting frequency. There's no need to waste tournament poker chips cbetting every time, especially when the pot is multi-way. Pick your spots to make profitable plays. Remember when it comes to the final table, regularly profitable playing ranges might alter due to the payouts. ICM is the key when it comes to those final big decisions.

Another key to success is knowing when to fire multiple bullets at your opponents. Barreling, especially against a wide big blind range can really help increase your non-showdown winnings. Finding ways to accumulate chips without always having the best hand is what top players do. This is why check-raising and having a good 3 betting strategy is so important. Correct use of these strategical concepts and the other tips outlines will get you winning more at the tables.

Tight Passive Poker Strategy

Now that you've acquired some great holdem tournament strategy tips to help you achieve MTT success, go out there an implement them!

One of the quickest way to improve your poker game is to take on a poker coaching, a course or join a poker training site; if that is something that interests you be sure to check out the PokerNerve road to Success Course for some advanced poker tournament strategy or you can check out HowToPlayPokerInfo's guide on poker training & poker courses to find the right option for you.

Passive Poker Strategy Games

Any other poker tournament strategy tips? Leave them below in the comments, we would love to hear them!

Passive Poker Strategy Definition

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